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Es mi homenaje a Melchor Cano, el teólogo dominico que teologizó siempre con autoridad. Siguió en esto y en su estilo humanístico a su venerado Maestro, Francisco de Vitoria. Trato de la época anterior a su profesorado salmantino. Lo mío es el pedestal sobre el que se apoyará su apoteosis, que estará en: la cátedra de Prima de Teología de Salamanca, el concilio de Trento, el asesoramiento como consejero de Felipe II, los Lugares Teológicos. Lo mío es, pues, el (...) lugar que lo vio nacer, la formación salmantina como dominico, la coronación de su formación teológica y primer profesorado en el Colegio de San Gregorio de Valladolid, y su irradiación desde la cátedra principal de teología en la universidad de Alcalá. It is my homage to Melchior Cano, the Dominican theologian who always taught theology with authority. He followed his venerate master Francisco de Vitoria. I am talking of the previous time to his teaching at Salamanca. My intention is to show the pedestal on which his apotheosis will stand: the theological chair of Prima at Salamanca, the Council of Trent, the advice as Philip II’ counselor, the theological places as well as the place where he was born, his education in Salamanca, as a Dominican, the culmination of his theological education, his first teaching at St. Gregory’s college at Valladolid and his irradiation from the main theological chair at Alcala University. (shrink)

The exchange of goods and services between individuals is often formalised by a contract in which the parties establish norms to define what is expected of each one. Norms use deontic statements of obligation, prohibition, and permission, which may be in conflict. The task of manually detecting norm conflicts can be time–consuming and error-prone since contracts can be vast and complex. To automate such tasks, we develop an approach to identify potential conflicts between norms. We show the effectiveness of our (...) approach and its individual components empirically using two publicly available corpora, and contribute with a new annotated test corpus for norm conflict identification. (shrink)

Comentário Crítico. Referência do artigo comentado: LOPES, Marcelo Vieira. Para além da dúvida corporal: a dúvida como problema existencial e sua relevância para a psiquiatria. Trans/form/ação: Revista de Filosofia da Unesp, Marília, v. 47, n. 6, e02400329, 2024.

El documento expone los antecedentes sugeridos por Paul Ricoeur sobre lo que podría denominarse “la polémica epistemológica en ciencias sociales”, referidos a la formulación de un método legítimo para la investigación en dichas ciencias que responda a las particularidades propias de su objeto de estudio. En este sentido, se rastrea la cuestión en la tradición hermenéutica romántica, concretamente en el pensamiento de Wilhelm Dilthey, pasando por la teoría estructural de estudio del texto escrito y la formulación de una teoría de (...) la acción anglosajona, para finalmente terminar en la ricoeurtiana consideración hermenéutica de la acción significativa, que asume al texto como paradigma y propuesta de superación de los escollos en torno a la referida polémica. (shrink)

A obra apresenta uma discussão sobre o sentido da democracia e sua relação com os padrões de dominação presentes na sociedade. A ordem democrática liberal não pode ser entendida como a efetiva realização dos valores que promete, pois a igualdade entre os cidadãos, a possibilidade de influenciar as decisões coletivas e a capacidade de desfrutar de direitos são sensíveis às múltiplas assimetrias que vigoram na sociedade. Porém, tampouco pode ser lida segundo a crítica convencional às "liberdades formais" e à "democracia (...) burguesa", que a apresenta como mera fachada desprovida de qualquer sentido real. Assim, a democracia não é um ponto de chegada, e sim um momento de um conflito que se manifesta como sendo entre aqueles que desejam domá-la, tornando-a compatível com uma reprodução incontestada das assimetrias sociais, e quem, ao contrário, pretende usá-la para aprofundar contradições e avançar no combate às desigualdades. Portanto, o conflito na democracia é um conflito também sobre o sentido da democracia, isto é, sobre quanto ela pode se realizar no mundo real como projeto emancipatório e quanto as instituições vigentes contribuem para promovê-la ou para refreá-la. (shrink)

Na década de 1980, um programa de pesquisa se popularizou no campo da filosofia e psicologia das emoções. Esse programa, denominado construcionismo social, afirmava que emoções eram produtos de fatores sociais e não poderiam ser compreendidas em um vocabulário adaptacionista. No entanto, ao longo do tempo essas teorias perderam grande parte de sua força e popularidade, e praticamente desapareceram da filosofia das emoções contemporânea. O objetivo do presente artigo será diagnosticar esse predicamento, e perguntar se o construcionismo social ainda poderia (...) ser uma via teórica interessante para o estudo das emoções. Para isso, iremos clarificar o significado da metáfora da “construção” e examinar algumas das principais teorias construcionistas de emoções. Embora nossas conclusões sejam negativas em relação ao rótulo da construção social, elas podem ainda assim trazer algum alívio para aqueles que se simpatizam com suas pretensões teóricas, prescrições metodológicas e foco de análise. (shrink)

Cognitive Archaeology is a theoretical perspective in archaeology, the boundaries of which fade into the field of cognitive science. From a classic perspective, Cognitive Archaeology is, according to Huffman Beach , “the study of prehistoric ideology: the ideals, values, and beliefs that constitute a society’s worldview” . For this purpose a cognitive archaeologist studies historical and archaeological evidence in a series of diverse objects like material symbols, tools, the relation with the space, political and religious thinking. However, an approach to (...) these topics involves taking into account the way people of antiquity represented their reality. In other words, it involves thinking about how the mind has built itself through history by its interaction with the material world.To explore the limits of our conceptions of the material world and their relations with the mind in the constitution of human cognition Lambros Malafouris presents How Things Shape the Mind: A Th .. (shrink)

Desde el enfoque del pensamiento ambiental estético-complejo, el artículo presenta un esbozo de lo que podría llamarse una ontología de la agricultura. Su objetivo es aportar con algunas reflexiones para la construcción de una epistemología de los estudios agroecológicos.

In this research, a sliding mode regulator with sine mapping is suggested for the stabilization of electricity generators being affected by magnet interaction nonlinearities and generator nonlinearities. To reach this goal, our suggested regulator has the following contributions: it starts from the sliding mode regulator with the modifications that the saturation mapping is used to reach a smoother performance instead of the signum mapping, and the sine mapping is applied to reach an upper bound in the proportional gain error, it (...) is used to reach some chosen constant behaviors for the angle position, angle speed, and current in the electricity generators, and its stabilization is ensured based on the Lyapunov approach. We show the simulation of the suggested regulator in two electricity generators. (shrink)

Walter Benjamin’s work stands out because of the different topics he collects and presents as pieces of a puzzle that cannot always reach the same image. This paper collects his approach to photography in an effort to show the relation between this topic and his concept of history. In other words, we are regarding the space of photography as a source able to unbend –according to Benjamin’s dialectics– new forms of telling, perceiving and studying history. For this purpose, three key (...) moments are proposed: First, the achievement of a method that, through a narrative instrument, privileges the concept glance for its development; second, the presentation of the topic photography and its characterization in Benjamins’s thinking, and finally, the exposition of the relation between photography and history, in an attempt to point out the possibilities of the photographic glance to provide images with historical sense. (shrink)

This paper is part of a broader argument that seeks to offer a justification for political authority. It aims to investigate the role of truth in political argument and to place the problem of reasonable disagreement. The argument focuses on the possibility of political deliberation, that figures as a stage of political decision‐making. It has to do with a confrontation between incompatible substantive beliefs which, however, all seem to be reasonable. How can citizens holding incompatible beliefs engage in an enterprise (...) of justifying them to one another? That is the question. (shrink)

El timbre general de los documentos implicados en el actual proceso de reforma educativa oscila entre la apología y el tecnocratismo, permaneciendo a la sombra de la discusión, por lo que al ámbito académico respecta, las más de las veces, el papel que la Universidad jugará como motor de la investigación y la innovación tecnológica en la dinámica competitiva de los grandes bloques capitalistas. Estos textos deben ser leídos en su contexto social, político y económico, así como confrontados a la (...) luz, o más bien a la oscuridad, de documentos de la Comisión Europea relativos a las políticas de convergencia y competitividad económica. Las siguientes... líneas acotan con gran precisión el contexto de la reforma: "Los poderes públicos, para asumir sus responsabilidades deben apoyar el desarrollo de los mercados del futuro y prever los ajustes en vez de sufrirlos. La Unión Europea debe situar mejor su capital científico y tecnológico al servicio de la competitividad industrial y de las necesidades de los mercados. Conviene prestar mayor atención a la difusión de los resultados de la innovación, su transferencia y su valorización por la industria y actualizar la distinción tradicional entre investigación fundamental, investigación precompetitiva e investigación aplicada para evitar lo que ha ocurrido en algunas ocasiones en el sentido de que la industria europea no siempre ha podido beneficiarse de todos los esfuerzos efectuados en materia de investigación" 1. Según creemos, el actual proceso de convergencia persigue la conversión de la educación superior en una mera función de la reproducción capitalista. The general tone of documents that relate to the actual education reform process oscillates between self-defense and technocratism. In academic circles, far from debate, the university is regarded as being the engine of investigation and the innovative technology that will be employed by large capitalist groups in their fields of dynamic competition. These texts should be read in their social, political and economic contexts and should be compared with the clarity or perhaps obscurity of European Commission papers written on convergence and economic competitiveness. We believe that the present convergence process is designed to promote further education as a mere tool to be used in capitalist reproduction. (shrink)

In this article, I will try to elucidate the relevance of Deleuze and Guattari’s approaches in the philosophy of education, along the lines of the Deleuzean pedagogy of ‘do with me’ and the absence of pre-established rules for learning or methodological anarchism. To do so, I will consider three important milestones in Deleuze and Guattari’s thought: (i) antihumanism as the matrix of a pedagogy of generosity, (ii) the primacy of functioning over meaning as a vindication of practical learning versus rote (...) learning, (iii) the concepts of ‘deterritorialisation-reterritorialisation’ as the unlearning required by all true learning. (shrink)

NO es toda la obra, es solo el escaneo de algunos de los ensayos.

Judges have a duty to decide judicial cases, however, judicial decision will vary and will have certain characteristics depending on the kind of case at hand: this article address three kinds of judicial cases: clear cases, borderline cases and pivotal cases. The purpose: discuss if relying on these classifications is useful or not in light of the unity in judicial adjudication principle.Resumen:Los jueces tienen el deber general de resolver los casos judiciales; sin embargo, la decisión judicial variará y tendrá ciertas (...) características dependiendo del tipo de caso; son tres los tipos de casos judiciales que este artículo estudia: clear cases, borderline cases y pivotal cases. El objetivo: intentar descubrir si adoptar una de las tipologías señaladas vulnera o reafirma el principio de unidad propio de la aplicación judicial. (shrink)

"œCiencia y arte" Para el autor el hombre moderno, aun en medio de su "cientificidad", se descubre perdido en muchos laberintos y obsesionado con fetiches de ascendencia simbólica y ritual. Los í­dolos de Bacon siguen dominando el escenario; el homo homini lupus de Hobbes parece todaví­a un paisaje natural; la ley se sigue ofreciendo a los hombres corno señor de Ios señores. Las preguntas de la ciencia acompañan a las preguntas de la filosofí­a y a las expresiones del arte: son (...) las eternas preguntas de la condición humana. Si la filosofí­a y la ciencia intentan apagar la inquietud intelectual principal-mente, el arte y la religión lo harán en el campo del sentimiento, de la intuición y de la representación. "œScience and Art" The author declares that modern man, although involved in scientificity, is lost inside labyrinths and obsessed with symbolic fetishes. Bacons idols are in the scene; Hobbes is homo homini lupus still works like a natural landscape; law is still offered to men as master of masters. Scientific questions, philosophical questions and art expressions walk hand to hand, as they are the eternal questions of human condition. While Philosophy and Science try to extinguish the intelectual worries, Art and Religion will do the same in the fields of feelings, intuition and representation. (shrink)

El presente trabajo intenta esbozar algunos elementos característicos de la epistemología de la ciencia a través de la historia. Busca cuestionar la rigidez de la objetividad y reconocer los límites de la razón humana. Finalmente, se espera describir una propuesta de epistemología más flexible para su vinculación con la investigación educativa, con la intención de dotarla de especificidad.

The concept of God is a key word in the history of philosophy. It encloses, in history, man’s innate desire to give meaning to his existence or to achieve an identity that is not only physical or biological. Science, rationality and faith get together to try to find a solution to the problem of ..

"œLa phronesis como forma mentis de eticidad"Este ensayo pretende restaurar el espacio en que el pensamiento griego situ� los conceptos de virtud y de prudencia, invocando una nueva interpretaci�n sobre el problema de la �tica y la subjetividad. El autor diserta sobre la virtud de la prudencia con el uso de una hermen�utica com�n a la tradici�n cultural del Occidente europeo y que integra lo mejor de la interpretaci�n hist�rica que Croce, Heidegger o Bultmann, por ejemplo, han legado al debate (...) filos�fico. Todo esto sin perder de vista que esas interpretaciones tambi�n son la expresi�n de una subjetividad humana con un contexto hist�rico preciso, siempre contingente y nunca perfectamente asible. "œPhronesis as a forma mentis of ethicity"This essay tries to restore the space in which Greek thought placed the concepts of virtue and prudence, calling on a new interpretation of the problem of Ethics and subjectivity. The author disserts about prudence as a virtue and the use, in the European culturan tradition, of Hermeneutics, which compose the best of historical interpretation that Croce, Heidegger or Bultmann, for example, have inherited to the philosophical discussion. This debate also considers that these interpretations are the expression of a human subjectivity with a definite historical context, always contingent and never perfectly seizable. (shrink)

This article describes and analyzes the book by L. Novakovic, Resurrection, which studies the complex topic of the resurrection of Jesus and its consequences, including, primarily, the faith of Christians in their own resurrection. The Author presents the contents of the book, and indicates the merits and limits of the research and the value of its conclusions.

The ability to develop and use models to explain phenomena is a key component of the Next Generation Science Standards, and without examples of what modeling instruction looks like in the reality of classrooms, it will be difficult for us as a field to understand how to move forward in designing curricula that foreground the practice in ways that align with the epistemic commitments of modeling. In this article, we illustrate examples drawn from a model-based curriculum development project to problematize (...) and bring to the fore issues and tensions we observed through the course of modeling instruction. In doing so, we argue that instruction that is model-based may not be actualizing modeling as an epistemic practice to support student sensemaking. We suggest that this kind of enactment may be a result of the tensions between viewing models as content to be learned and modeling as a scientific practice in which the end products are not known ahead of time. We discuss the implications of our analysis for teacher learning and curriculum development. (shrink)

This volume examines specifically the contribution of Homi K. Bhabha to the discourse and practice of architecture.

Are contemporary philosophers to follow Pyrrho of Elis in adopting his skeptic craft or at least core aspects of it as a reaction to the fact that, since immemorial times, persons have been engaged in disputes in metaphysics? Over the last 2500 years or so, most Western philosophers have not done so in being more influenced by Aristotle’s dogmatic craft than by Pyrrho’s skeptic one. Over the last fifty years or so, a few Brazilian neo-Pyrrhonist philosophers, such as Oswald Porchat, (...) Otávio Bueno and Plínio Junqueira Smith, have done the opposite in aiming to spell out the pertinence of Ancient Pyrrhonism to contemporary philosophy. On its part, this essay makes a case for the claim that one is to react to the stated fact by adopting a conflictual craft that promotes a synthesis of Pyrrho’s skeptic craft and the dogmatic craft. This synthesis: brings to light the core features of the skeptic and of the dogmatic craft; problematizes the dogmatic craft by means of the skeptic one and vice-versa so that the shortcomings of these crafts are avoided; and aims to keep certain positive aspects both of the skeptic craft and of the dogmatic one. (shrink)

Es un hecho natural que la vida no puede ser suspendida, al contrario de los juicios. Admitimos que tenemos que decidir en la vida, y que nos movemos o tenemos impulsos hacia las cosas. Por ello, actuamos de una manera o de otra, sirviéndonos y prestando cierta validez a impresiones de nuestros sentidos, frente a otras que no nos merecen confianza. Esto es lo que quiere decir Sexto, cuando advierte que el escéptico tiene un criterio no para distinguir lo verdadero (...) de lo falso, sino para conducirse en la vida. En este artículo queremos defender que las diferencias entre los diversos tipos de filosofías, y hasta de escepticismos, se producen más en el plano gnoseológico que en el práctico. Es más, defendemos que, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, no actuamos con principios establecidos, actuamos con cierto escepticismo “socializado” que todos activamos, dejándonos convencer con los datos que tenemos, de manera relativa, asimilando que lo probable o lo plausible o lo razonable en cada situación decide que actuemos en una dirección u otra, y todo presidido por lo que se nos aparece, por el fenómeno. (shrink)

This book provides an up to date, high-level exchange on God in a uniquely productive style. Readers witness a contemporary version of a classic debate, as two professional philosophers seek to learn from each other while making their cases for their distinct positions. In their dialogue, Joshua Rasmussen and Felipe Leon examine classical and cutting-edge arguments for and against a theistic explanation of general features of reality. The book also provides original lines of thought based on the authors’ own (...) contributions to the field, and offers a productive and innovative inquiry into on one of the biggest questions people ask: what is the ultimate explanation of things? (shrink)

Replicability is widely taken to ground the epistemic authority of science. However, in recent years, important published findings in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences have failed to replicate, suggesting that these fields are facing a “replicability crisis.” For philosophers, the crisis should not be taken as bad news but as an opportunity to do work on several fronts, including conceptual analysis, history and philosophy of science, research ethics, and social epistemology. This article introduces philosophers to these discussions. First, I (...) discuss precedents and evidence for the crisis. Second, I discuss methodological, statistical, and social-structural factors that have contributed to the crisis. Third, I focus on the philosophical issues raised by the crisis. Finally, I discuss proposed solutions and highlight the gaps that philosophers could focus on. (shrink)

The experimental interventions that provide evidence of causal relations are notably similar to those that provide evidence of constitutive relevance relations. In the first two sections, I show that this similarity creates a tension: there is an inconsistent triad between Woodward’s popular interventionist theory of causation, Craver’s mutual manipulability account of constitutive relevance in mechanisms, and a variety of arguments for the incoherence of inter-level causation. I argue for an interpretation of the views in which the tension is merely apparent. (...) I propose to explain inter-level relations without inter-level causation by appealing to the notion of fat-handed interventions, and an argument against inter-level causation which dissolves the problem. (shrink)

This essay answers the question: Which are the themes often considered as “Philosophy of Law” that are of concern to legal scholars? My answer seeks to sort out how the “thematic content” has become into what today is known as “Philosophy of Law” to legal scholars (against “Philosophy of Law” to philosophers). To deal with this question I will consider Norberto Bobbio’s point of view.Resumen:En este texto trato de responder a la pregunta: ¿cuáles son los temas calificados generalmente como “de (...) filosofía del derecho” que nos interesan a los juristas? Mi respuesta se dirige a desgranar cómo se ha ido construyendo el “contenido temático” más habitual que hoy identifica a la filosofía del derecho de los juristas (frente a la filosofía del derecho de los filósofos). Para tratar esta cuestión examino el punto de vista de Norberto Bobbio. En nuestro tiempo, dicha perspectiva constituye el punto de partida en la discusión de cuáles son los ámbitos problemáticos más habituales de la reflexión teórico-jurídica. (shrink)

El artículo aborda - principalmente a partir de los cuentos y de tres novelas - la génesis de algunos referentes de la cosmovisión narrativa de Murakami, así como el planteamiento de autor al que parece obedecer su obra. Ambos aspectos resultan cardinales para elucidar el soporte ficcional reconocible como rasgo de autor, entendido todo como ideario narrativo: coordenadas temáticas, constelación de personajes, tramas y escenarios, perspectiva narrativa elegida, recursos expresivos… Asimismo, se busca identificar la entidad de la entrada de elementos (...) fantásticos, componente de factura murakamiana; desde la rúbrica de realismo fantástico a que se asigna al autor, este trabajo se acerca al cúmulo de figuras, referentes y mecanismos fantásticos que jalonan las historias para comprobar qué fuentes socioculturales nutren este imaginario. Por lo referenciado, este bagaje fabulador correspondería al acervo oriental, la tradición mítica y legendaria de cuño japonés. A ello se une la catarsis que experimentan los personajes, relacionada con el concepto de Murakami sobre su creación. (shrink)

Croce is a heir of the best posrenacentist traditions. Maquiavelo and Galileo are presents in the rigor of his thought and the intention to apprehend the concreteness and the verifiableness. But also they are Hegel, and before Vico, in its unfolded universalist glance on the historical process. ..